Fractionalization and confinement in the U(1) and Z2Z_2 gauge theories of strongly correlated systems

Recently, we have elucidated the physics of electron fractionalization in strongly interacting electron systems using a $Z_2$ gauge theory formulation. Here we discuss the connection with the earlier U(1) gauge theory approaches based on the slave boson mean field theory. In particular, we identify the relationship between the holons and Spinons of the slave-boson theory and the true physical excitations of the fractionalized phases that are readily described in the $Z_2$ approach.Comment: 4 page

Design and Analysis of SD_DWCA - A Mobility based clustering of Homogeneous MANETs

This paper deals with the design and analysis of the distributed weighted clustering algorithm SD_DWCA proposed for homogeneous mobile ad hoc networks. It is a connectivity, mobility and energy based clustering algorithm which is suitable for scalable ad hoc networks. The algorithm uses a new graph parameter called strong degree defined based on the quality of neighbours of a node. The parameters are so chosen to ensure high connectivity, cluster stability and energy efficient communication among nodes of high dynamic nature. This paper also includes the experimental results of the algorithm implemented using the network simulator NS2. The experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for high speed networks and generate stable clusters with less maintenance overhead

Large N spin quantum Hall effect

We introduce a large N version of the spin quantum Hall transition problem. It is formulated as a problem of Dirac fermions coupled to disorder, whose Hamiltonian belong to the symmetry class C. The fermions carry spin degrees of freedom valued in the algebra sp(2N), the spin quantum Hall effect corresponding to N=1. Arguments based on renormalization group transformations as well as on a sigma model formulation, valid in the large N limit, indicate the existence of a crossover as N varies. Contrary to the N=1 case, the large N models are shown to lead to localized states at zero energy. We also present a sigma model analysis for the system of Dirac fermions coupled to only sp(2N) random gauge potentials, which reproduces known exact results.Comment: 29 pages; few references added, statement about the density of states improved; published versio

Weak Mott insulators on the triangular lattice: possibility of a gapless nematic quantum spin liquid

We study the energetics of Gutzwiller projected BCS states of various symmetries for the triangular lattice antiferromagnet with a four particle ring exchange using variational Monte Carlo methods. In a range of parameters the energetically favored state is found to be a projected $d_{x^2-y^2}$ paired state which breaks lattice rotational symmetry. We show that the properties of this nematic or orientationally ordered paired spin liquid state as a function of temperature and pressure can account for many of the experiments on organic materials. We also study the ring-exchange model with ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange and find that amongst the studied ans\"atze, a projected $f-$wave state is the most favorable.Comment: Longer version, 7+ pages, 5 figure

Detecting fractions of electrons in the high-TcT_c cuprates

We propose several tests of the idea that the electron is fractionalized in the underdoped and undoped cuprates. These include the ac Josephson effect, and tunneling into small superconducting grains in the Coulomb blockade regime. In both cases, we argue that the results are qualitatively modified from the conventional ones if the insulating tunnel barrier is fractionalized. These experiments directly detect the possible existence of the chargon - a charge $e$ spinless boson - in the insulator. The effects described in this paper provide a means to probing whether the undoped cuprate (despite it's magnetism) is fractionalized. Thus, the experiments discussed here are complementary to the flux-trapping experiment we proposed in our earlier work(cond-mat/0006481).Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

ANDROID BASED SECURITY AND REMOTE SURVEILANCE SYSTEM

Mobile phones have been important Electronic devices in our life. Consequently, Home automation and security system becomes one of the prominent futures on mobile devices. In this paper, we have developed the android application that interfaces with the security system using wifi direct technology. The wifi technology is relatively new as compared to other technologies and there is huge potential of its growth and practical application. The android application loaded on mobile devices, can connect with security system and easy to use GUI. The application developed to command lock, unlock or video monitoring of the home. The security system then acts on these command and responds to the user. The CMOS camera and the motion detector are attached with security system for remote surveillance

Microscopic model for the boson integer quantum Hall effect

In two dimensions strongly interacting bosons in a magnetic field can form an integer quantum Hall state. This state has a bulk gap, no fractional charges or topological order in the bulk but nevertheless has quantized Hall transport and symmetry protected edge excitations. Here we study a simple microscopic model for such a state in a system of two component bosons in a strong orbital magnetic field. We show through exact diagonalization calculations that the model supports the boson integer quantum Hall ground state in a range of parameters.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure